-
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Dec 2018The transition from acute to chronic pain is accompanied by increased engagement of emotional and motivational circuits. Adaptations within this corticolimbic circuitry... (Review)
Review
The transition from acute to chronic pain is accompanied by increased engagement of emotional and motivational circuits. Adaptations within this corticolimbic circuitry contribute to the cellular and behavioral maladaptations associated with chronic pain. Central regions within the corticolimbic brain include the mesolimbic dopamine system, the amygdala, and the medial prefrontal cortex. The evidence reviewed herein supports the notion that chronic pain induces significant changes within these corticolimbic regions that contribute to the chronicity and intractability of pain. In addition, pain-induced changes in corticolimbic circuitry are poised to impact motivated behavior and reward responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and may modulate the addiction liability of drugs of abuse, such as opioids.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chronic Pain; Emotions; Humans; Limbic System; Motivation; Neural Pathways; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 28501595
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.009 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... Jan 2013The mesolimbic dopamine system is an essential participant in the initiation and modulation of various forms of goal-directed behavior, including drug reinforcement and... (Review)
Review
The mesolimbic dopamine system is an essential participant in the initiation and modulation of various forms of goal-directed behavior, including drug reinforcement and addiction processes. Dopamine neurotransmission is increased by acute administration of all drugs of abuse, including the stimulants cocaine and amphetamine. Chronic exposure to these drugs via voluntary self-administration provides a model of stimulant abuse that is useful in evaluating potential behavioral and neurochemical adaptations that occur during addiction. This review describes commonly used methodologies to measure dopamine and baseline parameters of presynaptic dopamine regulation, including exocytotic release and reuptake through the dopamine transporter in the nucleus accumbens core, as well as dramatic adaptations in dopamine neurotransmission and drug sensitivity that occur with acute non-contingent and chronic, contingent self-administration of cocaine and amphetamine.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dopamine; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Limbic System; Presynaptic Terminals; Self Administration; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 23277050
DOI: 10.2741/s371 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology 1989The common embryologic origin of the septum pellucidum, of the corpus callosum, and of the limbic system explains the anatomic basis of a varying degree of concurrent... (Review)
Review
The common embryologic origin of the septum pellucidum, of the corpus callosum, and of the limbic system explains the anatomic basis of a varying degree of concurrent involvement of these structures in disease processes, both developmental and acquired. Developmental absence of the septum pellucidum portends a more generalized dysplasia that encompasses the corpus callosum and the limbic system. When considered in this context, it is easy to understand the limbic system dysfunction that is engendered by this anomaly. It is rare for an acquired lesion to involve the septum pellucidum per se because of its small size. However, it is common for it to be secondarily involved in almost all types of acquired disease processes. With the exquisite anatomic morphology that MR now provides, one must carefully assess involvement of the septum pellucidum, of the corpus callosum, and of the limbic system in disease processes that occur in the vicinity of these structures, so that more incisive clinical insight into the functions that are subserved by these structures can be obtained.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Septum Pellucidum
PubMed: 2505543
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Nov 2008There is a growing awareness that emotion, motivation, and reward values are important determinants of our behavior. The habenula is uniquely positioned both... (Review)
Review
There is a growing awareness that emotion, motivation, and reward values are important determinants of our behavior. The habenula is uniquely positioned both anatomically and functionally to participate in the circuit mediating some forms of emotive decision making. In the last few years there has been a surge of interest in this structure, especially the lateral habenula (LHb). The new studies suggest that the LHb plays a pivotal role in controlling motor and cognitive behaviors by influencing the activity of dopamine and serotonin neurons. Further, dysfunctions of the LHb have also been implicated in psychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, and drug-induced psychosis.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Biogenic Monoamines; Brain Stem; Cognition; Emotions; Habenula; Humans; Limbic System; Neural Pathways; Psychomotor Performance; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 19005047
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3463-08.2008 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Dec 1972
Review
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Carbachol; Drinking; Humans; Hypothalamus; Limbic System; Osmosis; Pharynx; Rats; Renin; Sensory Receptor Cells; Thirst; Water; Water Deprivation; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 4346772
DOI: No ID Found -
Science & Practice Perspectives Dec 2005Cocaine produces its psychoactive and addictive effects primarily by acting on the brain's limbic system, a set of interconnected regions that regulate pleasure and... (Review)
Review
Cocaine produces its psychoactive and addictive effects primarily by acting on the brain's limbic system, a set of interconnected regions that regulate pleasure and motivation. An initial, short-term effect -- a buildup of the neurochemical dopamine -- gives rise to euphoria and a desire to take the drug again. Researchers are seeking to understand how cocaine's many longer term effects produce addiction's persistent cravings and risk of relapse. In the author's laboratory, work has focused on buildup of the genetic transcription factor DeltaFosB. Levels of DeltaFosB in the limbic system correlate with addiction-like behaviors in mice and may precipitate very long-lasting changes to nerve cell structure. Further pursuit of this and similar leads are first steps toward a complete understanding of the transition from cocaine abuse to addiction -- and, ultimately, more effective treatments for those who are addicted.
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Limbic System; Models, Neurological; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
PubMed: 18552739
DOI: 10.1151/spp05314 -
Behavioural Brain Research Apr 2011"System-level memory consolidation theory" posits that the hippocampus an initially links the neocortical representations, followed by a shift to a... (Review)
Review
"System-level memory consolidation theory" posits that the hippocampus an initially links the neocortical representations, followed by a shift to a hippocampus-independent neocortical network. With consolidation, an increase in activity in the human subgenual ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has repeatedly been shown. Previously we and others have proposed that this area might link the neocortical representational areas in remote memory, similarly as has been proposed for the rodent anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here, we review literature involving the human vmPFC to investigate if the results in other cognitive domains are in line with this proposal. We have taken into account reports on patients with lesions in this area, findings in reward and valuation, fear extinction, and confabulation studies, and integrated these with findings in consolidation studies. We conclude: Firstly, it is unlikely that the rodent ACC is homolog to the human subgenual vmPFC. It is more likely that the rodent infralimbic cortex is, as proposed in the fear extinction literature. Secondly, we propose that the function of the subgenual vmPFC is to integrate information which is represented in separate parts of the limbic system (the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the ventral striatum) and that the integrated representation in the subgenual vmPFC might subsequently be used to suppress irrelevant representations in the limbic system. With the progression of time, the importance of the integrated representation in the subgenual vmPFC increases, because it may replace some direct connectivity across the limbic areas which decays with time.
Topics: Conditioning, Psychological; Fear; Hippocampus; Humans; Limbic System; Memory; Neural Pathways; Prefrontal Cortex; Reward
PubMed: 21147169
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.009 -
Translational Psychiatry Jun 2016Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and rapidly acting treatment for severe depression. To understand the biological bases of therapeutic response, we...
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and rapidly acting treatment for severe depression. To understand the biological bases of therapeutic response, we examined variations in cortical thickness from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in 29 patients scanned at three time points during an ECT treatment index series and in 29 controls at two time points. Changes in thickness across time and with symptom improvement were evaluated at high spatial resolution across the cortex and within discrete cortical regions of interest. Patients showed increased thickness over the course of ECT in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), inferior and superior temporal, parahippocampal, entorhinal and fusiform cortex and in distributed prefrontal areas. No changes across time occurred in controls. In temporal and fusiform regions showing significant ECT effects, thickness differed between patients and controls at baseline and change in thickness related to therapeutic response in patients. In the ACC, these relationships occurred in treatment responders only, and thickness measured soon after treatment initiation predicted the overall ECT response. ECT leads to widespread neuroplasticity in neocortical, limbic and paralimbic regions and changes relate to the extent of antidepressant response. Variations in ACC thickness, which discriminate treatment responders and predict response early in the course of ECT, may represent a biomarker of overall clinical outcome. Because post-mortem studies show focal reductions in glial density and neuronal size in patients with severe depression, ECT-related increases in thickness may be attributable to neuroplastic processes affecting the size and/or density of neurons and glia and their connections.
Topics: Adult; Dominance, Cerebral; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Entorhinal Cortex; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Limbic System; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neocortex; Neuronal Plasticity; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Reference Values; Temporal Lobe; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27271858
DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.102 -
Physiology & Behavior Sep 2015Alcohol possesses complex sensory attributes that are first detected by the body via sensory receptors and afferent fibers that promptly transmit signals to brain areas... (Review)
Review
Alcohol possesses complex sensory attributes that are first detected by the body via sensory receptors and afferent fibers that promptly transmit signals to brain areas involved in mediating ingestive motivation, reinforcement, and addictive behavior. Given that the chemosensory cues accompanying alcohol consumption are among the most intimate, consistent, and immediate predictors of alcohol's postabsorptive effects, with experience these stimuli also gain powerful associative incentive value to elicit craving and related physiologic changes, maintenance of ongoing alcohol use, and reinstatement of drug seeking after periods of abstinence. Despite the above, preclinical research has traditionally dichotomized alcohol's taste and postingestive influences as independent regulators of motivation to drink. The present review summarizes current evidence regarding alcohol's ability to directly activate peripheral and central oral chemosensory circuits, relevance for intake of the drug, and provides a framework for moving beyond a dissociation between the sensory and postabsorptive effects of alcohol to understand their neurobiological integration and significance for alcohol addiction.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Ethanol; Humans; Limbic System; Motivation; Sensation
PubMed: 25304192
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.09.004 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Jan 1984
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Humans; Limbic System; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Opioid
PubMed: 6140977
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6413.259